Doctors That Prescribe Weight Loss Pills – The examples and perspective in this article deal primarily with the United States and do not reflect a worldwide view of the subject. You can improve this article, discuss the issue on the talk page, or create a new article as appropriate. (September 2020) (Learn how and how to remove this template message)
Orlistat (Gical), a drug commonly used to treat obesity, and sibutramine (Meridia), which was withdrawn due to cardiovascular side effects.
Doctors That Prescribe Weight Loss Pills
Antiobesity drugs or weight loss drugs are pharmacological agents that reduce or control weight. These drugs alter one of the basic processes of the human body, weight control, by altering appetite or caloric absorption.
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The main treatment methods for overweight and obese people are dieting (healthy eating and calorie restriction) and physical exercise.
Because of the potential side effects and limited evidence for less weight loss in obese children and adolescents,
It is recommended that anti-obesity drugs be prescribed only for obesity where the benefits of treatment are expected to outweigh its risks.
In the United States, the Food and Drug Administration suggests that individuals with a body-mass index of at least 30 or a body-mass index of at least 27 with at least one weight-related comorbidity adequately represent the petit population. High primary health risks justify the use of anti-obesity drugs.
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AD The efforts of Soranus of Ephesus, a Greek physician in the second century, were first described for weight loss. He prescribed elixirs of laxatives and purgatives, as well as heat, massage and exercise. It has been the mainstay of therapy for over a thousand years. It wasn’t until the 1920s and 1930s that new treatments began to appear. Based on its effectiveness for hypothyroidism, thyroid hormone has become a popular treatment for obesity in euthyroid individuals. It had a modest effect, but produced symptoms of hyperthyroidism as a side effect, such as palpitations and drowsiness. 2, 4-dinitrophol (DNP) was introduced in 1933; It worked by disrupting the biological process of oxidative phosphorylation in mitochondria, causing them to produce heat instead of ATP. The most important side effect is frequent sweating. Overdose, although rare, can lead to an increase in body temperature and, ultimately, fatal hyperthermia. By 1938 dNP had fallen out of use, as the FDA was empowered to pressure manufacturers into voluntarily withdrawing it from the market.
Amphetamines (sold as Bzedrine) became popular for weight loss in the late 1930s. They work primarily by suppressing appetite and have other beneficial effects such as increased alertness. The use of amphetamines increased in the following decades, including Obetrol, culminating in the “rainbow diet pill” regime.
It is a combination of multiple pills, thought to aid in weight loss, throughout the day. Common regimens include amphetamines, as well as thyroid hormone, diuretics, digitalis, laxatives, and stimulants, often barbiturates, to suppress the side effects of stimulants.
Several deaths caused by diet pills in 1967/1968 prompted a Sate investigation and eventually more restrictions on the market.
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Although rainbow diet pills were banned in the US in the late 1960s, they reappeared in South America and Europe in the 1980s.
Rainbow diet pills were reintroduced in the US in the 2000s and led to additional negative health effects.
In 1959, phtermine was approved by the FDA, and in 1973, fluramine succeeded. Neither became more popular than other drugs until 1992. One researcher reported that combining the two resulted in a 10% weight loss that was maintained over two years.
F-ph was born and quickly became the most commonly prescribed dietary medicine. Dexfluramine (Redux) was developed in the mid-1990s as an alternative to fluramine with fewer side effects and received regulatory approval in 1996. However, this is in agreement with mounting evidence that this combination causes up to 30% of valvular heart disease. Those who took it withdrew F-ph and dexfluramine from the market in September 1997.
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Clinical complications include fatal pulmonary hypertension and heart valve damage due to redox and F-PH, and hemorrhagic stroke due to phyllopropanolamine.
Since the introduction of drugs for obesity management in the 1930s, many combinations have been tried. Most of them reduce body weight by a small amount and many of them are not marketed for obesity because of their side effects. Of the 25 anti-obesity drugs withdrawn from the market between 1964 and 2009, 23 worked by altering the function of chemical neurotransmitters in the brain. The most common side effects of these drugs leading to withdrawal are mental disturbances, cardiac side effects and drug abuse or drug dependence. Deaths have been reported to be associated with Sev products.
Ephedra was pulled from the US market in 2004 over concerns that it could raise blood pressure and lead to strokes and death.
Some singers find that diet and exercise are not a viable option; For these patients, anti-obesity drugs are a last resort. In the United States, semaglutide (Vegovi) is approved by the FDA for long-term weight management.
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Some other prescription weight loss drugs are stimulants, which are only recommended for short-term use and thus have limited use for patients who need to lose weight over months or years.
In 2021, a review concluded that “gut peptide analogs such as Curtly, semaglutide […] and […] tirzepatide are the most advanced in clinical development”.
In 2022, a further review found that these two peptides are “the most promising candidates for the upcoming battle in the anti-obesity market.”
An article in The New York Times noted the high prices for semaglutide and pottially tirzepatide, suggesting that “people who could benefit most from weight loss cannot afford such extravagant drugs.”
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In June 2021, the US Food and Drug Administration (FDA) approved semaglutide injection, sold under the brand name Wegovy, for long-term weight management in adults.
Wegovy was approved for clinical use (“used in combination with diet and physical activity”) in the European Union in January 2022.
Specifically, phase-3 clinical trials found that patients lost an average of 16% of their initial body weight after 71 weeks.
On 13 May 2022, it was approved under the name Mounjaro for type-2 diabetes (although not specifically for weight loss).
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Exatide (Byetta) is a long-acting analog of the GLP-1 hormone, which is secreted by the intestines in response to food predation. Among other effects, GLP-1 delays gastric emptying and promotes feelings of fullness after eating. Some people who are obese have a GLP-1 deficiency, and dieting can further reduce GLP-1.
Byetta is available as a treatment for diabetes mellitus type 2. Some, but not all, petites find that they lose significant weight by taking Byetta. Disadvantages of Baitta are that it must be injected subcutaneously twice a day and that it can cause severe nausea in some patients, especially when treatment is initiated. As of 2015, Byetta is only recommended for patients with type 2 diabetes.
Orlistat (Xical) reduces intestinal fat absorption by inhibiting zyme pancreatic lipase. Frequent oily bowel movements steatorrhea is a side effect of using Orlistat. But if the fat in the diet is reduced, symptoms often improve. Originally available by prescription only, it was approved by the FDA for over-the-counter sale in February 2007.
On 26 May 2010, the U.S. The Food and Drug Administration (FDA) has approved a revised label for Xical to include new safety information about rare cases of serious liver injury reported with the use of this medication.
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Cetilistat is a drug designed to treat obesity. It works in a similar way to the older drug orlistat by inhibiting pancreatic lipase, a zyme that breaks down triglycerides in the intestines. Without this zyme, triglycerides from food are prevented from being hydrolyzed into absorbable free fatty acids and are excreted undigested.
A combination of phtermine and topiramate, brand name Qsymia (formerly Qnexa) in the U.S. Approved by the FDA on 17 July 2012, it is a complete obesity treatment of diet and exercise regimen.
In October 2012, the European Medicines Agency, in contrast, rejected the combination as a treatment for obesity (Qsiva), citing concerns about long-term effects on the heart and blood vessels, mtal health and cognitive side effects.
Naltrexone/bupropion is a combination drug used for weight loss in obese or overweight people with certain weight-related illnesses. It combines low doses of bupropion and naltrexone. Both drugs individually have shown some evidence of effectiveness in weight loss, and the combination has been shown to have some synergistic effects on weight. In September 2014, a sustained release formulation of the medication was approved for marketing in the United States under the brand name Contrav.
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The combination was approved in the European Union in March 2015 under the brand name Mysimba.
Gelesis100 (sold under the brand name “Plity”) is an orally administered superabsorbable hydrogel used for weight loss in the treatment of obesity and overweight.
Because Gelesis100 absorbs water, it expands in the stomach and small intestine, which may cause satiety. Gelesis100 was approved by the US Food and Drug Administration in April 2019
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