How To Make Teeth More White – On this page: Teeth whitening options | Shadow Guides | The dangers of bleaching | The cost of bleaching | in Basque
Teeth whitening is one of the most popular cosmetic dentistry treatments, offering a quick, non-invasive and affordable way to improve your smile. Universally valued by men and women alike, whitening (or bleaching) treatments are available to suit every budget, time and temperament. From one-hour whitening sessions at a dental office or cosmetic spa, to home whitening kits purchased at your local drugstore, solutions abound.
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Almost everyone who chooses a teeth whitening solution sees a moderate or significant improvement in the brightness and whiteness of their smile. That said, it’s not a permanent solution to coloring and requires maintenance or “touch-ups” for a long-lasting effect.
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In this article we break down everything related to teeth whitening, including the process of removing tooth discoloration, what causes stains, the treatment options available, and the risks and costs associated with them.
According to the FDA, the term “whitening” is only allowed to be used when teeth can be bleached beyond their natural color. This applies to products that contain bleach, usually hydrogen peroxide or carbamide peroxide.
The term “whitening”, on the other hand, refers to restoring the color of a tooth’s surface by removing dirt and debris. So, technically, any product used to clean teeth (like toothpaste) is considered a whitening agent. Of course, the term whitening sounds better than whitening, so it is used more often, even when describing products that contain bleach.
The bleach of choice for in-office bleaching where time is limited is strong, fast hydrogen peroxide. When used for teeth whitening, the concentration of hydrogen peroxide ranges from nine percent to 40 percent.
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In contrast, the preferred bleach for home teeth whitening is the slower-acting carbamide peroxide, which converts to hydrogen peroxide. Carbamide peroxide has one-third the strength of hydrogen peroxide. This means that a 15 percent solution of carbamide peroxide is equivalent to a five percent solution of hydrogen peroxide.
Most of us start out with bright white teeth, thanks to their porcelain-like enamel surface. Consisting of microscopic crystalline rods, tooth enamel is designed to protect teeth from chewing, burns, trauma and acid attack. But over the years, the enamel wears away, becoming more transparent and revealing the yellow color of the dentin—the material that is the core of the tooth.
During routine chewing, the dentin remains intact while millions of micro-cracks occur in the enamel. It is these cracks, as well as the spaces between the crystalline enamel rods, that are gradually filled with stains and debris. As a result, the teeth eventually develop a dull and shiny appearance.
Teeth whitening removes stains and debris, opening and exposing cracks in the enamel. Some cracks are remineralized by saliva, while others are filled with organic debris.
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Extrinsic stains are those that appear on the surface of the teeth as a result of dark colored drinks, food and tobacco and normal wear and tear. Extrinsic surface stains are small and can be removed with prophylactic brushing and flossing. Tough exterior stains can be removed with more effort, like teeth whitening. Permanent extrinsic stains can penetrate the dentin and become entrenched if not treated early.
Natural stains are those that form on the inside of the teeth. Natural stains are caused by trauma, aging, exposure to minerals (such as tetracycline) during tooth formation, and/or excessive fluoride ingestion. In the past, it was believed that natural stains were too resistant to be corrected by bleaching. Today, cosmetic dentistry experts believe that even deep-seated stains can be removed with supervised teeth whitening that lasts for a few months or a year. If all else fails, there are alternative cosmetic solutions to treating dental plaque.
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Age: There is a direct correlation between tooth color and age. Over the years, teeth darken due to wear and tear and the accumulation of stains. Teenagers will experience dramatic immediate results from bleaching. In your twenties, as your teeth begin to show a yellow color, whitening may require a little more effort. By the forties, yellow gives way to brown and more maintenance may be required. In the fifties, the teeth have absorbed a lot of stubborn stains that are difficult (but not impossible) to remove.
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Initial color: We are all born with a tooth color that ranges from yellow-brown to green-gray, which intensifies over time. Yellow-brown generally responds more to bleaching than green-grey.
Transparency and thinness: these are also genetic characteristics that become more pronounced with age. Although all teeth show some transparency, those that are opaque and thick have an advantage: they appear lighter in color, show more shine and respond to bleaching. Thinner and more transparent teeth, especially the front teeth, have less pigment needed for whitening. According to cosmetic dentists, transparency is the only condition that cannot be corrected by any form of teeth whitening.
Eating habits: Regular consumption of red wine, coffee, tea, cola, carrots, oranges and other brightly colored drinks and foods can cause large stains over the years. Also, acidic foods such as citrus fruits and vinegar contribute to enamel erosion. As a result, the surface becomes more transparent and more yellow-colored dentin is exposed.
Drugs/Chemicals: The use of tetracycline during tooth formation produces dark gray or brown stains that are very difficult to remove. Excessive consumption of fluoride causes fluorosis (discoloration marked by the appearance of faint white marks on the teeth) and associated areas of white chipping.
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Grinding: Mostly caused by stress, teeth grinding (gnashing, grinding, etc.) can add micro-cracks to the teeth and cause darkening of the bite edges.
Trauma: Falls and other injuries can cause large cracks in the teeth that collect large amounts of stains and debris.
There are three main teeth whitening options available today. All three are based on different concentrations of peroxide and different application times.
A significant color change in a short period of time is the main benefit of in-office whitening. This protocol involves the carefully controlled use of a high-concentration peroxide gel that is applied to the teeth by a trained dentist or technician after protecting the gums with a painted rubber dam. Generally, the peroxide is left on the teeth for periods of 15 to 20 minutes, which add up to an hour (up to). Those with particularly stubborn stains may be advised to return for one or more additional bleaching sessions, or may be asked to continue with an at-home system.
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Many dentists believe that professional take-home whitening kits can provide the best long-term results. Take-home kits contain an easy-to-use, low-concentration peroxide gel that stays on the tooth for an hour or more (sometimes overnight). The lower the percentage of peroxide, the longer it can safely stay on the teeth. The gel is applied to the teeth using custom whitening trays that resemble mouth guards.
The cheapest and most convenient option for teeth whitening, over-the-counter whitening involves using a store-bought whitening kit that contains a whitening gel with a lower concentration of professionally dispensed whitening agents. The gel is applied to the teeth using one-size-fits-all trays, strips or paint applicators. In many cases this can only whiten a few front teeth unlike custom trays that can whiten the entire smile.
Results are subjective, they vary greatly from person to person. Many are immediately delighted with their results, while others may be disappointed. Before embarking on any whitening treatment, ask your dentist for a realistic idea of the results you can achieve and how long it will take to achieve them.
In the dental office, the before and after tooth color is usually measured with a shade guide. These are handheld displays of a wide range of tooth colors. (Dentists also use it to choose crown and other restoration shades).
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The standard-setter among them has long been the Vitapan Classic Shade Guide. This standard shade guide includes 16 shades, systematically arranged in four color groups from light to dark, and provides universal tooth color terminology.
While whitening can occasionally lighten the color of teeth by nine shades or more, most people who whiten their teeth are likely to see a change of two to seven shades.
Teeth whitening treatments are considered safe when the procedures are performed as directed. However, there are some risks associated with bleaching that you should be aware of:
In addition to the aforementioned risk factors, several considerations should be taken into account before teeth whitening:
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Professional, in-office teeth whitening is the most expensive option, with a national average of $650 per visit (prices can vary between $500 and $1,000). However, having it done by an experienced dental professional has the benefit of helping ensure you get the results you’re looking for.
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