Paleo Diet For Ulcerative Colitis – Mechanisms of Anti-Inflammatory and Anti-Apoptosis Effects of Omega-3 Polyunsaturated Fatty Acids in Methotrexate-Induced Intestinal Damage in Cell Lines and in Rat Models
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Paleo Diet For Ulcerative Colitis
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By Yan Jiang 1, †, Karolin Jarr 1, †, Cosima Layton 2, Christopher D. Gardner 3, Judith F. Ashouri 4, Maria T. Abreu 5 and Sidhartha R. Sinha 1, *
Paleolithic Ketogenic Diet (pkd) Efficacy And Applicability: Faq
Division of Gastroenterology & Hepatology, Department of Medicine, Stanford University, 300 Pasteur Drive, M211, Stanford, CA 94305, USA
Division of Gastroenterology, Department of Medicine, Leonard Miller School of Medicine, University of Miami, Miami, FL 33136, USA
Received: February 9, 2021 / Revised: March 3, 2021 / Accepted: March 7, 2021 / Published: March 10, 2021
Despite being a focus issue for patients, the effect of diet on adult inflammatory bowel disease (IBD) remains understudied with limited guidance. While promising clinical trials are currently underway, there is a need for further evidence-based recommendations. Thus, we summarize the current evidence on the various diets used in the treatment of IBD and also explore the potential application of dietary data from related immune-mediated inflammatory diseases (IMIDs), such as rheumatoid arthritis and psoriasis, to provide additional information to inform. IBD providers. To date, there are several diets that have been investigated as adjunctive therapy in IBD, but most of the related studies are small, non-randomized, and uncontrolled. Mediterranean, vegetarian/vegan, and low-calorie/fasting diets have been studied and have shown some positive results in other IMIDs, which may suggest potential applications for people with IBD, but larger and well-designed clinical trials are needed for guidance further. Gluten-free fermentable oligosaccharides, disaccharides, monosaccharides, and polyols and gluten-free fermentable oligosaccharides, disaccharides, monosaccharides, and polyols (FODMAPs) do not appear to have an effect on IBD disease activity, but low FODMAPs may be beneficial for people who have IBD disease. functional gastrointestinal symptoms. Special carbohydrate diets have been evaluated primarily in children but have shown some potential in small adult studies.
Comparison Of 3 Healing Diets
Inflammatory bowel disease (IBD), which includes Crohn’s disease (CD) and ulcerative colitis (UC), is characterized by chronic inflammation of the gastrointestinal tract and affects approximately 1.6 million adults in the United States [1]. Due to limited evidence on non-pharmacological therapies and concerns about immunosuppressive therapy, the role of diet in managing the disease is one of the most common questions faced by IBD patients [2]. Previous studies have shown that diet can have an effect on the risk of developing IBD [2]. This suggests that people who eat more fruits and vegetables may have a lower risk and those who consume animal fats and sugars have a higher risk [3, 4, 5, 6, 7]. Although epidemiological data suggest that certain dietary factors may contribute to the development of IBD, it is still unclear which foods may cause disease development and flares [2]. Various dietary components have been suggested as potential anti-nutritional factors, including processed foods and additives [8]. Low vitamin D levels are also associated with increased inflammation, and other supplements, such as curcumin, may have anti-inflammatory properties [9]. More than half of IBD patients believe that dietary habits can cause flare-ups [10]. However, due to limited knowledge, there are no clear dietary guidelines for adults with IBD [11]. The majority of patients report receiving inadequate guidance from providers [12].
Although mostly studied in pediatric and adolescent populations, enteral nutrition has been shown to improve outcomes and inflammation in people with CD [13, 14]. Efficacy and tolerance in adults, however, is less clear, with a meta-analysis concluding that there is limited evidence for the potential benefit of an elemental diet in the maintenance of remission in adults with CD [2, 15]. Although not the focus of our review, the impetus for the development of specific restriction diets was based on the success of these enteral nutrition studies. To date, there are several diets (Figure 1), including the Mediterranean, the specific carbohydrate diet (SCD), and fermentable oligosaccharides, disaccharides, monosaccharides, and polyols as indicated (FODMAP) that have been studied in IBD patients, but these studies quite heterogeneous in design and level of supporting evidence [11]. While additional promising dietary studies in IBD are underway, there is a need to find further evidence-based recommendations [16, 17, 18, 19]. Understanding the role of diet in other immune-mediated inflammatory diseases (IMIDs) provides an opportunity to provide additional dietary guidance for IBD patients.
There have been several recent reviews of dietary interventions in IBD [ 2 , 12 , 20 , 21 ]. In this review, we not only summarize the evidence supporting the role of various diets in the treatment of adult IBD but also—due to limited data supporting possible interventions—exploring the role of diet in the management of another chronic inflammatory condition, namely rheumatoid. arthritis (RA) and psoriasis/psoriatic arthritis. The rationale here lies in the fact that there are some areas of overlap between IBD and IMID. These disorders are often characterized by often debilitating inflammation and share common treatment regimens that rely on targeting overlapping biological pathways [ 22 , 23 ]. Many patients with IBD also have arthropathy or psoriasis, and these diseases are not treated by newer agents, such as gut-specific anti-inflammatories [ 24 , 25 , 26 ]. Therefore, analyzing the RA and psoriasis literature also has the potential benefit of looking at dietary modifications that can improve conditions that often coexist.
We performed a literature review using the PubMed database to identify articles relevant to diet as an adjunctive therapy in IBD and other IMIDs. We searched using terms commonly used to describe IMID (eg, ulcerative colitis, Crohn’s disease, rheumatoid arthritis, psoriasis, etc.) combined with terms to describe the diet of interest (eg, Mediterranean diet, low FODMAP, gluten-free, etc. . ). We reviewed various types of research articles, including systematic reviews and meta-analyses, randomized controlled trials, and observational studies. We generally limit our data to adult studies; However, in areas where clinical research is limited in these areas (e.g., specific carbohydrate diets), some pediatric studies are also included. Although not a systematic review, studies were excluded if they were considered to be of lower quality (too small sample size, poor methodology) by consensus among our research team, which included gastroenterology and rheumatology physicians.
Pdf) Efficacy Of The Autoimmune Protocol Diet For Inflammatory Bowel Disease
The Mediterranean diet (MD) is usually high in vegetables, fruits, whole grains, legumes, monounsaturated fats, such as olive oil, and low in red meat. Early interest in this diet began with the observation of lower cardiovascular disease mortality rates in the Mediterranean region compared to the United States [ 27 , 28 ]. Indeed, subsequent studies have shown an extended list of long-term benefits of this diet, including weight loss and reduction of C-reactive protein (CRP) [29]. Data on the use of MD in the IBD population, however, are currently limited. A Greek observational study of 86 patients with CD (41 active, 45 in remission) assessed adherence to MD and its relationship with disease activity and quality of life [30]. Using a previously studied scoring method called MedDiet (higher score values indicate higher adherence), the patient’s diet in the 6 months prior to the study was assessed. The researchers found that those in remission had a higher MedDiet score than those with active disease (30.2 ± 5.8 vs. 26.8 ± 5.0, p = 0.005) [30]. MD compliance was positively correlated with the IBD questionnaire (IBDQ) score (a validated quality of life instrument for IBD patients) and negatively correlated with CRP values and the clinical Harvey-Bradshaw index (HBI), used to assess disease severity. . A recent analysis of patients with IBD in three large cohorts (the Nurses’ Health Study (NHS), NHS II, and the Health Professionals Follow-up Study) showed an association with MD adherence and
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